With only having a part time job right now, one of the
things that I love about baking is how inexpensive it is. Once I have my pantry
supplied with these 10 essential ingredients, I generally only need to purchase
1-3 items to make a recipe. These essentials last me for at least 3 recipes, if
not more, and all can be found for under $5.00. I like to shop at Target in
their grocery area, which I’ve found to have much lower prices than chain
grocery stores. Below you'll find my 10 essential ingredients of baking. :)
FLOUR
Flour was first made in 9000 BC by grinding wheat seeds between stones to produce the fine powder. Now days it's produced in mills, and there are numerous types of flour available. All purpose flour is fine for baking, but if you're making bread (scones, biscuits, etc) you'll want "self rising" flour. Self rising flour has leavening agents that help the bread rise.
WHITE SUGAR
Sugar comes from the plant called sugar cane, and gets it's granulated crystal form by extracting the syrup from the cane and using a vacuum to crystallize the syrup. Brazil has the highest per capita production of sugar.
CONFECTIONER'S (POWDERED) SUGAR
A very fine sugar, confectioner's sugar is mostly used for icings, fillings or frostings. You can make your own powdered sugar by putting regular white sugar and a little corn starch into the food processor and pulse it until a fine powder forms. The corn starch will prevent it from clumping together.
BROWN SUGAR
Brown sugar is essentially the same as white sugar, but has molasses added to it. The darker the sugar, the more molasses is present. Brown sugar gets it's soft texture from the viscous nature of the molasses. Since brown sugar has a maple flavor from the molasses, it can not be substituted for white sugar.
BAKING POWDER
Baking powder is a leavening agent, and is used to increase volume and lighten the texture of baked goods. The carbon dioxide in baking powder expands, making the dough light and fluffy. Baking powder is used in recipes that don't have an acid (lemon juice, buttermilk, yogurt, etc) to react with. You can tell if you're baking powder is still fresh by putting a teaspoon into a glass of hot water. If the baking powder fizzes, it's still active and can be used for baking.
BAKING SODA
Baking soda is also a leavening agent, and is used for the same purpose as baking powder. The only difference is that baking soda needs an acid to react with in order to release carbon dioxide bubbles. When added to a dough or baking mixture, it needs to be used immediately or the baking soda will loose it's chemical reaction and will result in flat cookies or breads.
VANILLA EXTRACT
Vanilla extract is made by macerating vanilla beans in a solution of ethyl alcohol and water. In order for a vanilla extract to be "pure", the FDA requires a minimum of 35% alcohol and 13.35 ounces of vanilla bean per gallon. Also available is "imitation" vanilla extract, which is made with artificial flavors. When baking, the obvious choice is to use the "pure" option, but it can be pricey. I use imitation vanilla extract and it works just fine for me.
COCOA POWDER
Cocoa powder is extracted from cocoa beans, and is made by pressing and milling the liquids away from the solids of the bean. The resulting powder is then processed further to reduce the bitter taste of the chocolate. Cocoa powder contains healthy minerals such as potassium, calcium and zinc.
UNSALTED BUTTER
Unsalted butter is used in both frostings and batters. The only difference between salted and unsalted butter is that granular salt is added to the churning process in salted butter production. It's very important when baking to use unsalted butter. You want to control how much salt is being added to the mixture, and using salted butter can result in an off-putting taste. It's also very important to let the butter soften on the counter for a few hours before use. This allows for even distribution and easy blending of ingredients.
EGGS
Eggs are used to bind together batters, and also act as a leavening agent. Egg whites can be used to make meringues, and egg yolks are used for making custards and creams. To test the freshness of an egg, place it in a bowl of water. If the egg sinks to the bottom, it's still good. The quicker the egg sinks to the bottom, the fresher the egg is. If the egg floats, it's spoiled.
I hope this list provided you a good starting point for your baking pantry, and please don't hesitate to ask if you have any questions about the ingredients listed!
Happy Baking!